filecmp — File and Directory Comparisons

The filecmp module defines functions to compare files and directories, with various optional time/correctness trade-offs. For comparing files, see also the difflib module.

The filecmp module defines the following functions:

filecmp.cmp(f1, f2[, shallow])

Compare the files named f1 and f2, returning True if they seem equal, False otherwise.

Unless shallow is given and is false, files with identical os.stat() signatures are taken to be equal.

Files that were compared using this function will not be compared again unless their os.stat() signature changes.

Note that no external programs are called from this function, giving it portability and efficiency.

filecmp.cmpfiles(dir1, dir2, common[, shallow])

Returns three lists of file names: match, mismatch, errors. match contains the list of files match in both directories, mismatch includes the names of those that don’t, and errros lists the names of files which could not be compared. Files may be listed in errors because the user may lack permission to read them or many other reasons, but always that the comparison could not be done for some reason.

The common parameter is a list of file names found in both directories. The shallow parameter has the same meaning and default value as for filecmp.cmp().

Example:

>>> import filecmp
>>> filecmp.cmp('undoc.rst', 'undoc.rst')
True
>>> filecmp.cmp('undoc.rst', 'index.rst')
False

The dircmp class

dircmp instances are built using this constructor:

class filecmp.dircmp(a, b[, ignore[, hide]])

Construct a new directory comparison object, to compare the directories a and b. ignore is a list of names to ignore, and defaults to ['RCS', 'CVS', 'tags']. hide is a list of names to hide, and defaults to [os.curdir, os.pardir].

The dircmp class provides the following methods:

report()

Print (to sys.stdout) a comparison between a and b.

report_partial_closure()

Print a comparison between a and b and common immediate subdirectories.

report_full_closure()

Print a comparison between a and b and common subdirectories (recursively).

The dircmp offers a number of interesting attributes that may be used to get various bits of information about the directory trees being compared.

Note that via __getattr__() hooks, all attributes are computed lazily, so there is no speed penalty if only those attributes which are lightweight to compute are used.

left_list

Files and subdirectories in a, filtered by hide and ignore.

right_list

Files and subdirectories in b, filtered by hide and ignore.

common

Files and subdirectories in both a and b.

left_only

Files and subdirectories only in a.

right_only

Files and subdirectories only in b.

common_dirs

Subdirectories in both a and b.

common_files

Files in both a and b

common_funny

Names in both a and b, such that the type differs between the directories, or names for which os.stat() reports an error.

same_files

Files which are identical in both a and b.

diff_files

Files which are in both a and b, whose contents differ.

funny_files

Files which are in both a and b, but could not be compared.

subdirs

A dictionary mapping names in common_dirs to dircmp objects.